# 镜头操控 Time:15 分钟 除了基本的`articles/customizing the camera|镜头自定义`之外，开发者还可以通过操控游戏镜头达成如创建特定玩家（角色）视图系统、锁定镜头至世界特定位置及创建独特镜头效果等目的。 ## 镜头属性 Roblox 的 `Camera` 有若干 内置 属性，其中包括： 属性 描述 `Camera/CFrame` 镜头的 `BasePart/CFrame|CFrame` 。在放置或移动游戏镜头时常会用到这一属性。 `Camera/Focus` 镜头在 3D 空间中所朝向的点。如果把镜头朝向某个特定的方向，则需要更新这一属性，因为部分视觉效果会根据其距离焦点的距离来变更细致程度。 `Camera/FieldOfView` 在屏幕上可观察到的游戏世界的范围，其范围在垂直方向的 1 至 120 度之间(默认值为 70)。 ## 为镜头编写脚本 每个玩家的镜头都处于其本地设备上，因此应当将自定义镜头代码放置至 **StarterPlayer** → **StarterPlayerScripts** 下的 `LocalScript` 中。在此类脚本中，可以通过 `Workspace/CurrentCamera|CurrentCamera` 对象来访问摄像头。 获取当前镜头 ``` local camera = workspace.CurrentCamera ``` ### 越肩视角 基本的越肩视角 镜头，常见于 第三人称 射击游戏当中，可以通过下列脚本来实现。此镜头将会锁定在角色的背后，玩家可通过鼠标来转动视角（非方向输入）。 越肩镜头视角 ``` local Players = game:GetService("Players") local ContextActionService = game:GetService("ContextActionService") local UserInputService = game:GetService("UserInputService") local RunService = game:GetService("RunService") local camera = workspace.CurrentCamera local cameraOffset = Vector3.new(2, 2, 8) local player = Players.LocalPlayer player.CharacterAdded:Connect(function(character) local humanoid = character:WaitForChild("Humanoid") local rootPart = character:WaitForChild("HumanoidRootPart") humanoid.AutoRotate = false local cameraAngleX = 0 local cameraAngleY = 0 local function playerInput(actionName, inputState, inputObject) -- 根据输入变化计算镜头/玩家的旋转 if inputState == Enum.UserInputState.Change then cameraAngleX = cameraAngleX - inputObject.Delta.X -- 减少垂直方向鼠标/触控灵敏度并夹住垂直轴 cameraAngleY = math.clamp(cameraAngleY-inputObject.Delta.Y*0.4, -75, 75) -- 以 X delta 来旋转根部件 CFrame rootPart.CFrame = rootPart.CFrame * CFrame.Angles(0, math.rad(-inputObject.Delta.X), 0) end end ContextActionService:BindAction("PlayerInput", playerInput, false, Enum.UserInputType.MouseMovement, Enum.UserInputType.Touch) RunService.RenderStepped:Connect(function() if camera.CameraType ~= Enum.CameraType.Scriptable then camera.CameraType = Enum.CameraType.Scriptable end local startCFrame = CFrame.new((rootPart.CFrame.Position)) * CFrame.Angles(0, math.rad(cameraAngleX), 0) * CFrame.Angles(math.rad(cameraAngleY), 0, 0) local cameraCFrame = startCFrame:ToWorldSpace(CFrame.new(cameraOffset.X, cameraOffset.Y, cameraOffset.Z)) local cameraFocus = startCFrame:ToWorldSpace(CFrame.new(cameraOffset.X, cameraOffset.Y, -10000)) camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(cameraCFrame.Position, cameraFocus.Position) end) end) local function focusControl(actionName, inputState, inputObject) -- 在输入开始时锁定并隐藏鼠标图标 if inputState == Enum.UserInputState.Begin then UserInputService.MouseBehavior = Enum.MouseBehavior.LockCenter UserInputService.MouseIconEnabled = false ContextActionService:UnbindAction("FocusControl", focusControl, false, Enum.UserInputType.MouseButton1, Enum.UserInputType.Touch, Enum.UserInputType.Focus) end end ContextActionService:BindAction("FocusControl", focusControl, false, Enum.UserInputType.MouseButton1, Enum.UserInputType.Touch, Enum.UserInputType.Focus) ``` 注意：可以通过调整第 7 行上的镜头偏移值改变镜头相对于角色的位置。例如，将其放在角色的左肩膀上 (`-2, 2, 8`) 或者是将镜头拉到离玩家更远的位置 (`2, 2, 15`)。 ### 缩近/拉远 使用下面的脚本可以实现一种简单的缩近/拉远镜头系统。本例中使用鼠标中间来进行放大和缩小，使用 `ContextActionService` 来在移动设备上创建虚拟的缩放按钮。 缩近/拉远 ``` local Players = game:GetService("Players") local ContextActionService = game:GetService("ContextActionService") local UserInputService = game:GetService("UserInputService") local TweenService = game:GetService("TweenService") local camera = workspace.CurrentCamera local player = Players.LocalPlayer local tweenInfo = TweenInfo.new(0.5, Enum.EasingStyle.Quint, Enum.EasingDirection.Out) local initialFieldOfView = camera.FieldOfView local initialCameraPosition = camera.CFrame local isZoomed = false local inTween = false local target player.CharacterAdded:Connect(function(character) local humanoid = character:WaitForChild("Humanoid") local rootPart = character:WaitForChild("HumanoidRootPart") local initialWalkSpeed = humanoid.WalkSpeed local initialJumpPower = humanoid.JumpPower local cameraAngleX = 0 local cameraAngleY = 0 local function moveInput(actionName, inputState, inputObject) if not isZoomed then return end if inputState == Enum.UserInputState.Change then cameraAngleX = math.clamp(cameraAngleX-inputObject.Delta.X*0.4, -90, 90) cameraAngleY = math.clamp(cameraAngleY-inputObject.Delta.Y*0.4, -75, 75) local camPosition = rootPart.CFrame:ToWorldSpace(CFrame.new(0, 2, -2)) local camRotation = camPosition * CFrame.Angles(0, math.rad(cameraAngleX), 0) * CFrame.Angles(math.rad(cameraAngleY), 0, 0) target = camRotation:ToWorldSpace(CFrame.new(0, 0, -20)) camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(camRotation.Position, target.Position) camera.Focus = CFrame.new(target.Position) end end local function scopeInOut(actionName, inputState, inputObject) if inTween == true then return end if (inputObject.UserInputType == Enum.UserInputType.MouseButton3 and (inputState == Enum.UserInputState.Begin or inputState == Enum.UserInputState.End)) or (inputObject.UserInputType == Enum.UserInputType.Touch and inputState == Enum.UserInputState.End) then inTween = true -- 缩近 if isZoomed == false then initialCameraPosition = camera.CFrame camera.CameraType = Enum.CameraType.Scriptable UserInputService.MouseBehavior = Enum.MouseBehavior.LockCenter UserInputService.MouseIconEnabled = false -- 根据镜头方向来旋转根部件 CFrame local faceToward = camera.CFrame:Lerp(rootPart.CFrame, 1.1) rootPart.CFrame = CFrame.new(rootPart.CFrame.Position, Vector3.new(faceToward.Position.X, rootPart.Position.Y, faceToward.Position.Z)) target = rootPart.CFrame:ToWorldSpace(CFrame.new(0, 2, -20)) cameraAngleX, cameraAngleY = 0, 0 humanoid.WalkSpeed = 0 humanoid.JumpPower = 0 wait(0.05) local camPosition = rootPart.CFrame:ToWorldSpace(CFrame.new(0, 2, -2)) camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(camera.CFrame.Position, target.Position) local tween = TweenService:Create(camera, tweenInfo, {CFrame=camPosition, FieldOfView=12}) tween.Completed:Connect(function() ContextActionService:BindAction("MoveInput", moveInput, false, Enum.UserInputType.MouseMovement, Enum.UserInputType.Touch) ContextActionService:SetTitle("ScopeInOut", "–") camera.Focus = CFrame.new(target.Position) isZoomed = true inTween = false end) tween:Play() -- 拉远 elseif isZoomed == true then ContextActionService:UnbindAction("MoveInput", moveInput, false, Enum.UserInputType.MouseMovement, Enum.UserInputType.Touch) UserInputService.MouseBehavior = Enum.MouseBehavior.Default UserInputService.MouseIconEnabled = true local tween = TweenService:Create(camera, tweenInfo, {CFrame=initialCameraPosition, FieldOfView=initialFieldOfView}) tween.Completed:Connect(function() ContextActionService:SetTitle("ScopeInOut", "+") camera.CameraType = Enum.CameraType.Custom humanoid.WalkSpeed = initialWalkSpeed humanoid.JumpPower = initialJumpPower isZoomed = false inTween = false end) tween:Play() end end end ContextActionService:BindAction("ScopeInOut", scopeInOut, true, Enum.UserInputType.MouseButton3) ContextActionService:SetPosition("ScopeInOut", UDim2.new(0.65, 0, 0.1, 0)) ContextActionService:SetTitle("ScopeInOut", "+") end) ``` 缩近与拉远的速度可以通过第 9 行上 `TweenInfo.new()` 的第一个参数进行调整，并且作用域缩放力可以使用第 60 行上的 `FieldOfView` 值（介于 10 和 20 之间最佳）进行调整。 ### 绕着对象旋转 若要让镜头全部或部分围绕镜头旋转，请尝试使用以下脚本。该脚本具有可调整镜头偏移、旋转时间、重复计数、过渡类型等功能。 绕对象旋转 ``` local TweenService = game:GetService("TweenService") local RunService = game:GetService("RunService") local target = workspace.Part -- 想要绕着旋转的对象 local camera = workspace.CurrentCamera camera.CameraType = Enum.CameraType.Scriptable camera.Focus = target.CFrame local rotationAngle = Instance.new("NumberValue") local tweenComplete = false local cameraOffset = Vector3.new(0, 10, 12) local rotationTime = 15 -- 时间，以秒计 local rotationDegrees = 360 local rotationRepeatCount = -1 -- 使用 -1 以无限次重复 local lookAtTarget = true -- 镜头是否倾斜以直接指向目标 local function updateCamera() local rotatedCFrame = CFrame.Angles(0, math.rad(rotationAngle.Value), 0) camera.CFrame = rotatedCFrame:ToWorldSpace(CFrame.new(cameraOffset)) if lookAtTarget == true then camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(camera.CFrame.Position, target.Position) end end -- 设置并开始旋转过渡 local tweenInfo = TweenInfo.new(rotationTime, Enum.EasingStyle.Linear, Enum.EasingDirection.InOut, rotationRepeatCount) local tween = TweenService:Create(rotationAngle, tweenInfo, {Value=rotationDegrees}) tween.Completed:Connect(function() tweenComplete = true end) tween:Play() -- 在过渡运行时更新镜头位置 RunService.RenderStepped:Connect(function() if tweenComplete == false then updateCamera() end end) ``` 调整第 11 至 15 行上的变量可以控制脚本的行为表现。举例来说，如果镜头位于目标对象上方比较高的位置，如 `cameraOffset` 矢量值为 `0, 30, 12`，则 `lookAtTarget` 设置控制是否向下倾斜镜头来直接观察对象。 ### 横向卷轴镜头 通过下列脚本可以实现常用的横向卷轴镜头系统。此示例的镜头锁定在了 **X** 面上，此外 **Z** 偏移可以根据玩家调整。 若想确保该脚本正常运行， **必须** 通过将 **DevTouchMovementMode** 设置为 **Thumbstick** 来在移动设备上启用传统的拇指摇杆控制模式。详情请参阅`articles/customizing game controls|自定义游戏控制` 一文。 横向卷轴镜头系统 ``` local Players = game:GetService("Players") local ContextActionService = game:GetService("ContextActionService") local UserInputService = game:GetService("UserInputService") local RunService = game:GetService("RunService") local cameraChase = {left=10, right=10, up=5, down=0} local cameraDistance = 200 local camera = workspace.CurrentCamera camera.CameraType = Enum.CameraType.Scriptable camera.FieldOfView = 10 local player = Players.LocalPlayer local leftValue, rightValue, initialTouchPos, jumpTouchInput, thumbstickMinPush, cameraPosZ = 0, 0, 0, nil, 15, 0 local humanoid, rootPart local function handleMovement(actionName, inputState) if inputState == Enum.UserInputState.Begin then if actionName == "Left" then leftValue, rightValue = 1, 0 elseif actionName == "Right" then rightValue, leftValue = 1, 0 end elseif inputState == Enum.UserInputState.End then if actionName == "Left" or actionName == "Stop" then leftValue = 0 end if actionName == "Right" or actionName == "Stop" then rightValue = 0 end end end local function onMove() if humanoid then local moveDirection = rightValue - leftValue humanoid:Move(Vector3.new(moveDirection, 0, 0), false) end end local function updateCamera() if camera.CameraType ~= Enum.CameraType.Scriptable then camera.CameraType = Enum.CameraType.Scriptable end if rootPart then -- 负责处理水平方向镜头追踪 if rootPart.Position.X < camera.CFrame.Position.X - cameraChase["left"] then camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(Vector3.new(rootPart.Position.X+cameraChase["left"], camera.CFrame.Position.Y, cameraPosZ)) elseif rootPart.Position.X > camera.CFrame.Position.X + cameraChase["right"] then camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(Vector3.new(rootPart.Position.X-cameraChase["right"], camera.CFrame.Position.Y, cameraPosZ)) end -- 负责处理垂直方向镜头追踪 if rootPart.Position.Y < camera.CFrame.Position.Y - cameraChase["down"] then camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(Vector3.new(camera.CFrame.Position.X, rootPart.Position.Y+cameraChase["down"], cameraPosZ)) elseif rootPart.Position.Y > camera.CFrame.Position.Y + cameraChase["up"] then camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(Vector3.new(camera.CFrame.Position.X, rootPart.Position.Y-cameraChase["up"], cameraPosZ)) end end end local function handleTouchInput(input, gameProcessed) if input.UserInputState == Enum.UserInputState.Begin and gameProcessed == true then -- 如果触控起始于 jump 按钮，则追踪该按钮 if humanoid.Jump == true then jumpTouchInput = input -- 或者触控起始于拇指摇杆，设置初始位置 else initialTouchPos = input.Position.X end elseif input.UserInputState == Enum.UserInputState.Change and gameProcessed == true then -- 在玩家移动方面忽略起始于 jump 按钮的触控操作 if jumpTouchInput == input then return end -- 只有当拇指摇杆被推动一定程度之后才会处理移动动作 if input.Position.X < initialTouchPos - thumbstickMinPush then handleMovement("Left", Enum.UserInputState.Begin) elseif input.Position.X > initialTouchPos + thumbstickMinPush then handleMovement("Right", Enum.UserInputState.Begin) end elseif input.UserInputState == Enum.UserInputState.End then -- 如果触控操作在 jump 按钮上结束，停止追踪触控 if jumpTouchInput == input then jumpTouchInput = nil -- 或者触控操作在拇指摇杆上结束，停止所有移动动作 else handleMovement("Stop", input.UserInputState) initialTouchPos = 0 end end end player.CharacterAdded:Connect(function(character) humanoid = player.Character:WaitForChild("Humanoid") rootPart = player.Character:WaitForChild("HumanoidRootPart") -- 设置初始镜头位置 camera.CFrame = CFrame.new(Vector3.new(rootPart.Position.X, rootPart.Position.Y, rootPart.Position.Z+cameraDistance)) cameraPosZ = camera.CFrame.Position.Z -- 如果触控启用，则连接触控处理函数 if UserInputService.TouchEnabled == true then UserInputService.TouchStarted:Connect(handleTouchInput) UserInputService.TouchMoved:Connect(handleTouchInput) UserInputService.TouchEnded:Connect(handleTouchInput) end end) RunService:BindToRenderStep("Input", Enum.RenderPriority.Input.Value, onMove) RunService:BindToRenderStep("Camera", Enum.RenderPriority.Camera.Value, updateCamera) ContextActionService:BindAction("Left", handleMovement, false, "a", Enum.KeyCode.Left) ContextActionService:BindAction("Right", handleMovement, false, "d", Enum.KeyCode.Right) ``` 第 6 行上的 `cameraChase` 值控制在镜头开始追随玩家之前，玩家可以移离“屏幕中心”的格数。在 `cameraDistance` 值（第 7 行）的基础上每个方向值都可以调整，以便适配您的游戏设计，达到心中最好的观感效果。 ***__Roblox官方链接__:[镜头操控](https://developer.roblox.com/zh-cn/articles/Camera-manipulation)